Exploring negative thermal expansion materials with bulk framework structures and their relevant scaling relationships through multi-step machine learning.

Discovering new negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials is a great challenge in experiment. Meanwhile, the machine learning (ML) method can be another approach to explore NTE materials using the existing material databases. Herein, we adopt the multi-step ML method with efficient data augmentation and cross-validation to identify around 1000 materials, including oxides, fluorides, and cyanides, with bulk framework structures as new potential NTE candidate materials from ICSD and other databases. Their corresponding coefficients of negative thermal expansion (CNTE) and temperature ranges are also well predicted. Among them, about 57 materials are predicted to have an NTE probability of 100%. Some predicted NTE materials were tested by the first-principles calculations with quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA), which indicates that the ML results are in good agreement with the first principles calculation results. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the existing and predicted NTE materials, we established three universal relationships of CNTE with an average electronegativity, porosity, and temperature range. From these, we also identified some important critical values characterizing the NTE property, which can serve as an important criterion for designing new NTE materials.

Thiamine-modified metabolic reprogramming of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte under space microgravity.

During spaceflight, the cardiovascular system undergoes remarkable adaptation to microgravity and faces the risk of cardiac remodeling. Therefore, the effects and mechanisms of microgravity on cardiac morphology, physiology, metabolism, and cellular biology need to be further investigated. Since China started constructing the China Space Station (CSS) in 2021, we have taken advantage of the Shenzhou-13 capsule to send human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) to the Tianhe core module of the CSS. In this study, hPSC-CMs subjected to space microgravity showed decreased beating rate and abnormal intracellular calcium cycling. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed a battery of metabolic remodeling of hPSC-CMs in spaceflight, especially thiamine metabolism. The microgravity condition blocked the thiamine intake in hPSC-CMs. The decline of thiamine utilization under microgravity or by its antagonistic analog amprolium affected the process of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It decreased ATP production, which led to cytoskeletal remodeling and calcium homeostasis imbalance in hPSC-CMs. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that thiamine supplementation could reverse the adaptive changes induced by simulated microgravity. This study represents the first astrobiological study on the China Space Station and lays a solid foundation for further aerospace biomedical research. These data indicate that intervention of thiamine-modified metabolic reprogramming in human cardiomyocytes during spaceflight might be a feasible countermeasure against microgravity.

Chloroplast genomes in seven Lagerstroemia species provide new insights into molecular evolution of photosynthesis genes.

Lagerstroemia indica is an important commercial tree known for the ornamental value. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Lagerstroemia indica "Pink Velour" (Lagerstroemia "Pink Velour") was 152,174 bp in length with a GC content of 39.50%. It contained 85 protein coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNA genes. 207 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 31 codons with relative synonymous codon (RSCU)value > 1 were detected. Phylogenetic analysis divided 10 Lagerstroemia species into evolutionary branches of clade A and clade B. We conducted a comparative analysis of Lagerstroemia "Pink Velours" complete chloroplast genome with the genomes of six closely related Lagerstroemia species from different origins. The structural features of all seven species were similar, except for the deletion of ycf1 nucleobases at the JSA boundary. The large single-copy (LSC) and the small single-copy (SSC) had a higher sequence divergence than the IR region, and 8 genes that were highly divergent (trnK-UUU, petN, psbF, psbJ, ndhE, ndhD, ndhI, ycf1) had been identified and could be used as molecular markers in future studies. High nucleotide diversity was present in genes belonging to the photosynthesis category. Mutation of single nucleic acid was mainly influenced by codon usage. The value percentage of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) and synonymous substitutions (Ks) in 6 Lagerstroemia species revealed that more photosynthesis genes have Ka or Ks only in Lagerstroemia fauriei, Lagerstroemia limii, and Lagerstroemia subcostata. These advances will facilitate the breeding of closely related Lagerstroemia species and deepen understanding on climatic adaptation of Lagerstroemia plants.

Efficient Selective Adsorption of Rubidium and Cesium from Practical Brine Using a Metal-Organic Framework-Based Magnetic Adsorbent.

Rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) have important applications in highly technical fields. Salt lakes contain huge reserves of Rb and Cs with industrial significance, which can be utilized after extraction. In this study, a composite magnetic adsorbent (Fe3O4@ZIF-8@AMP, AMP = ammonium phosphomolybdate) was prepared and its adsorption properties for Rb+ and Cs+ were studied in simulated and practical brine. The structure of the adsorbent was characterized by SEM, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The adsorbent had good adsorption affinity for Rb+ and Cs+. The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order dynamics described the adsorbing isotherm and kinetic dates, respectively. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of Fe3O4@ZIF-8@AMP were increased by 1.86- and 2.5-fold compared with those of powdered crystal AMP, owing to the large specific surface area and high dispersibility of the adsorbent in the solution. The adsorbent was rapidly separated from the solution within 17 s using an applied magnetic field owing to the good magnetic properties. The composite adsorbent selectively adsorbed Rb+ and Cs+ from the practical brine even in the presence of a large number of coexisting ions. The promising adsorbent can be used to extract Rb+ and Cs+ from aqueous solutions.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular engineering for the production of FAME biodiesel.

The unsustainable and widespread utilization of fossil fuels continues to drive the rapid depletion of global supplies. Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to conventional diesel, leading to growing research interest in its production. Microbes can facilitate the de novo synthesis of a type of biodiesel in the form of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic activity was engineered to facilitate enhanced FAME production. Initially, free fatty acid concentrations were increased by deleting two acetyl-CoA synthetase genes (FAA1, FAA4) and an acyl-CoA oxidase gene (POX1). Intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels were then enhanced via the deletion of an adenosine kinase gene (ADO1) and the overexpression of a SAM synthetase gene (SAM2). Lastly, the S. cerevisiae strain overproducing free fatty acids and SAM were manipulated to express a plasmid encoding the Drosophila melanogaster Juvenile Hormone Acid O-Methyltransferase (DmJHAMT). Using this combination of engineering approaches, a FAME concentration of 5.79 ± 0.56 mg/L was achieved using these cells in the context of shaking flask fermentation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of FAME production in S. cerevisiae. These results will provide a valuable basis for future efforts to engineer S. cerevisiae strains for highly efficient production of biodiesel.

Composition, characteristics, and treatment technologies of condensable particulate matter present in flue gas emitted by coking plants in China.

To study the total particulate matter (TPM) in flue gas emitted by coking plants, a sampling system that could be used to collect filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM) was designed and developed based on Method 202 recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2017 and HJ 836-2017 issued by China. Using this system, FPM and CPM in flue gas emitted by four coking furnaces named A, B, C, and D were tested in China. Further, 9 water-soluble ions, 20 elements, and organic matter present in the CPM were simultaneously examined to determine their formation mechanisms. Statistical data suggested that the FPM emission level in the coking flue gas was low and the average mass concentration was less than 10 mg/m3. However, with high CPM and TPM emission levels, the TPM mass concentrations of A, B, C, and D were 130 ± 11.1, 84.4 ± 6.36, 35.1 ± 17.0, and 63.8 ± 13.0 mg/m3, respectively. The main component of TPM was CPM, and the average mass concentration of CPM accounted for 98%, 95%, 68%, and 95% of TPM in furnaces A, B, C, and D, respectively. Water-soluble ions were the important components of CPM, and the total concentration of water-soluble ions accounted for 70%, 87%, 42%, and 66% of CPM in furnaces A, B, C, and D, respectively. Toxic and harmful heavy metals, such as Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb, were detected in CPM. The formation mechanism of CPM was analyzed in combination with flue-gas treatment. It was shown that the treatment process "activated carbon- flue-gas countercurrent-integrated purification technology + ammonia spraying" used in furnaces A and B was less effective in removing CPM, water-soluble ions, metals, and compounds than that of "selective catalytic reduction denitrification + limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization (spraying NaOH solution)" in furnaces C and D. Hence, different flue-gas treatment technologies and operation levels played vital roles in the formation, transformation, and removal of CPM from flue-gas. Organic components in CPM discharged from furnace A were determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the top 15 organic components in CPM were obtained using the area normalization method. N-alkanes accounted for the highest proportion, followed by esters and phenols, and most of them were toxic and harmful to humans and ecosystems. Therefore, advanced CPM treatment technologies should be developed to reduce atmospheric PM2.5 and its precursors to improve ambient air quality in China.

Umbilical cord blood-derived neutrophils possess higher viability than peripheral blood derived neutrophils.

Neutrophils, a primary type of immune cell, play critical roles in numerous biological processes. Both umbilical cord blood (UCB) and peripheral blood are rich in neutrophils. UCB is more abundant than peripheral blood, with cells generally at a more immature stage. However, comparative data between these two cell sources is lacking. This study aims to elucidate differences between UCB-derived neutrophils (UCBN) and peripheral blood-derived neutrophils (PBN). UCBN and PBN were isolated from fresh human umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood, respectively. Transcriptomic profiling was performed and compared against neutrophil RNA from three different donors. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to compare cell phenotypes. A cytokine cocktail (IFN-ß, IFN-γ, and LPS) was used to activate UCBN and PBN in vitro. A united multi-omic approach, combining transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, was followed by experimental validation through flow cytometry, cell killing assays, and proteome profiler array to verify cell functions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the most upregulated genes in freshly isolated umbilical cord blood neutrophils (UCBN) compared to peripheral blood neutrophils (PBN) predominantly involve neutrophil activation and cell-killing functions. Validation through flow cytometry and cell-killing experiments demonstrated that highly viable UCBN exhibited significantly stronger ovarian tumor cell-killing activity in vitro compared to PBN. Both transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicated that the primary upregulated genes in activated UCBN are chiefly involved in biological processes related to the regulation of cytokine secretion. Integrative multi-omic analysis, including a proteome profiler array, confirmed that UCBN indeed secrete elevated levels of cytokines. In conclusion: UCBN shows higher viability and cellular activity compared with PBN, particularly in tumor cell-killing and cytokine secretion.

GEN1 as a risk factor for human congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.

BACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are prevalent birth defects. Although pathogenic CAKUT genes are known, they are insufficient to reveal the causes for all patients. Our previous studies indicated GEN1 as a pathogenic gene of CAKUT in mice, and this study further investigated the correlation between GEN1 and human CAKUT. METHODS: In this study, DNA from 910 individuals with CAKUT was collected; 26 GEN1 rare variants were identified, and two GEN1 (missense) variants in a non-CAKUT group were found. Mainly due to the stability results of the predicted mutant on the website, in vitro, 10 variants (eight CAKUT, two non-CAKUT) were selected to verify mutant protein stability. In addition, mainly based on the division of the mutation site located in the functional region of the GEN1 protein, 8 variants (six CAKUT, two non-CAKUT) were selected to verify enzymatic hydrolysis, and the splice variant GEN1 (c.1071 + 3(IVS10) A > G) was selected to verify shear ability. Based on the results of in vitro experiments and higher frequency, three sites with the most significant functional change were selected to build mouse models. RESULTS: Protein stability changed in six variants in the CAKUT group. Based on electrophoretic mobility shift assay of eight variants (six CAKUT, two non-CAKUT), the enzymatic hydrolysis and DNA-binding abilities of mutant proteins were impaired in the CAKUT group. The most serious functional damage was observed in the Gen1 variant that produced a truncated protein. A mini-gene splicing assay showed that the variant GEN1 (c.1071 + 3(IVS10) A > G) in the CAKUT group significantly affected splicing function. An abnormal exon10 was detected in the mini-gene splicing assay. Point-mutant mouse strains were constructed (Gen1: c.1068 + 3 A > G, p.R400X, and p.T105R) based on the variant frequency in the CAKUT group and functional impairment in vitro study and CAKUT phenotypes were replicated in each. CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings indicated GEN1 as a risk factor for human CAKUT.

An efficient genetic transformation system mediated by Rhizobium rhizogenes in fruit trees based on the transgenic hairy root to shoot conversion.

Genetic transformation is a critical tool for gene editing and genetic improvement of plants. Although many model plants and crops can be genetically manipulated, genetic transformation systems for fruit trees are either lacking or perform poorly. We used Rhizobium rhizogenes to transfer the target gene into the hairy roots of Malus domestica and Actinidia chinensis. Transgenic roots were generated within 3 weeks, with a transgenic efficiency of 78.8%. Root to shoot conversion of transgenic hairy roots was achieved within 11 weeks, with a regeneration efficiency of 3.3%. Finally, the regulatory genes involved in stem cell activity were used to improve shoot regeneration efficiency. MdWOX5 exhibited the most significant effects, as it led to an improved regeneration efficiency of 20.6% and a reduced regeneration time of 9 weeks. Phenotypes of the overexpression of RUBY system mediated red roots and overexpression of MdRGF5 mediated longer root hairs were observed within 3 weeks, suggesting that the method can be used to quickly screen genes that influence root phenotype scores through root performance, such as root colour, root hair, and lateral root. Obtaining whole plants of the RUBY system and MdRGF5 overexpression lines highlights the convenience of this technology for studying gene functions in whole plants. Overall, we developed an optimized method to improve the transformation efficiency and stability of transformants in fruit trees.

2,4,6-trinitrotoluene causes mitochondrial toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans by affecting electron transport.

As a typical energetic compound widely used in military activities, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has attracted great attention in recent years due to its heavy pollution and wide distribution in and around the training facilities, firing ranges, and demolition sites. However, the subcellular targets and the underlying toxic mechanism of TNT remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the toxic effects of TNT biological reduction on the mitochondrial function and homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). With short-term exposure of L4 larvae, 10-1000 ng/mL TNT reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, which was associated with decreased expression of specific mitochondrial complex involving gas-1 and mev-1 genes. Using fluorescence-labeled transgenic nematodes, we found that fluorescence expression of sod-3 (muls84) and gst-4 (dvls19) was increased, suggesting that TNT disrupted the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, 10 ng/mL TNT exposure increased the expression of the autophagy-related gene pink-1 and activated mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR), which was indicated by the increased expression of mitochondrial stress activated transcription factor atfs-1, ubiquitin-like protein ubl-5, and homeobox protein dve-1. Our findings demonstrated that TNT biological reduction caused mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of mt UPR protective stress responses, and provided a basis for determining the potential risks of energetic compounds to living organisms.

A study to untangle the puzzle of urinary incontinence and frailty co-occurrence among older adults: The roles of depression and activity engagement.

AIMS: To explore the co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty by testing the roles of depression and activity engagement guided by the mechanisms of common cause and interaction pathways. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of a 1-year three-wave panel data collected from older nursing home residents in China. METHODS: Changes in depression and activity engagement were regressed on urinary incontinence and frailty incidence underpinned by the common cause mechanism of chronic conditions co-occurrence, and these changes were also taken as mediators linking from frailty to urinary incontinence incidence supported by the interaction pathways' mechanism. RESULTS: A total of 348 older adults were included in this study, and 55.7% were women. The co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty was found in 16.7% of the participants at baseline. Older adults with sole frailty at baseline had almost twice the rate of incident urinary incontinence (32.7%) compared with those without (16.7%) over a 1-year period. The subsample analyses showed that changes in depression and activity engagement failed to significantly predict the incidence of urinary incontinence and frailty. The mediating roles of these changes linking frailty to urinary incontinence incidence were also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty is prevalent in older nursing home residents. Older adults with frailty at baseline are more likely to develop urinary incontinence a year later. The common cause and interaction pathways mechanisms for the co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty were not verified with changes in depression and activity engagement. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: The phenomenon of urinary incontinence and frailty co-occurrence should be given extreme emphasis. Although statistically significant findings on the roles of depression and activity engagement were not inferred, this study provides multiple possibilities for future studies to test and depict a clear picture of this co-occurrence. IMPACT: What problem did the study address? This study was designed to test the roles of depression and activity engagement in predicting the incidence of urinary incontinence and frailty, and the mediating roles in linking frailty to urinary incontinence incidence. What were the main findings? Despite the methodological pitfalls in literature have been addressed, neither depression nor activity engagement would significantly predict the incidence of urinary incontinence and frailty in older adults. Their mediating roles in linking frailty to urinary incontinence incidence were also not significant. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Our findings add important pieces of evidence to promote researchers' understanding and provide an important basis for untangling the puzzle of urinary incontinence and frailty co-occurrence. REPORTING METHOD: The report of this study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Brain tumor detection based on a novel and high-quality prediction of the tumor pixel distributions.

The work presented in this paper is in the area of brain tumor detection. We propose a fast detection system with 3D MRI scans of Flair modality. It performs 2 functions, predicting the gray level distribution and location distribution of the pixels in the tumor regions and generating tumor masks with pixel-wise precision. To facilitate 3D data analysis and processing, we introduce a 2D histogram presentation encompassing the gray-level distribution and pixel-location distribution of a 3D object. In the proposed system, specific 2D histograms highlighting tumor-related features are established by exploiting the left-right asymmetry of a brain structure. A modulation function, generated from the input data of each patient case, is applied to the 2D histograms to transform them into coarsely or finely predicted distributions of tumor pixels. The prediction result helps to identify/remove tumor-free slices. The prediction and removal operations are performed to the axial, coronal and sagittal slice series of a brain image, transforming it into a 3D minimum bounding box of its tumor region. The bounding box is utilized to finalize the prediction and generate a 3D tumor mask. The proposed system has been tested extensively with the data of more than 1200 patient cases in BraTS2018∼2021 datasets. The test results demonstrate that the predicted 2D histograms resemble closely the true ones. The system delivers also very good tumor detection results, comparable to those of state-of-the-art CNN systems with mono-modality inputs. They are reproducible and obtained at an extremely low computation cost and without need for training.

The association between DNA methylation and human height and a prospective model of DNA methylation-based height prediction.

As a vital anthropometric characteristic, human height information not only helps to understand overall developmental status and genetic risk factors, but is also important for forensic DNA phenotyping. We utilized linear regression analysis to test the association between each CpG probe and the height phenotype. Next, we designed a methylation sequencing panel targeting 959 CpGs and subsequent height inference models were constructed for the Chinese population. A total of 11,730 height-associated sites were identified. By employing KPCA and deep neural networks, a prediction model was developed, of which the cross-validation RMSE, MAE and R2 were 5.62 cm, 4.45 cm and 0.64, respectively. Genetic factors could explain 39.4% of the methylation level variance of sites used in the height inference models. Collectively, we demonstrated an association between height and DNA methylation status through an EWAS analysis. Targeted methylation sequencing of only 959 CpGs combined with deep learning techniques could provide a model to estimate human height with higher accuracy than SNP-based prediction models.

Characteristics of microplastics in the atmosphere of Anyang City.

In order to clarify the characteristics of microplastics in the atmosphere of Anyang city, TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 samples are collected when the ambient air quality is good, slightly polluted, and severely polluted. After pretreatment, the physical and chemical characteristics are observed and identified by using stereomicroscope and micro-infrared spectrometer. The results show that the average abundance of microplastics is 0.19 items/m3, 0.26 items/m3, and 0.42 items/m3, respectively, when the ambient air quality is good, light pollution, and heavy pollution in Anyang City. It can be seen that with the decline of ambient air quality, the average abundance of microplastics in TSP, PM2.5, and PM10 gradually increases. The black fiber strip microplastics account for about 80% of the total TSP, PM2.5, and PM10 in the ambient air of Anyang City, followed by yellow flake and black granular microplastics and a small amount of green, red, and blue fiber strip microplastics. AQI has a good correlation with the abundance of microplastics in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, and the maximum microplastic trapping effect could be obtained according to the sampling method of PM2.5 in the ambient air. The main components of microplastics are cellophane, followed by PET and EVA. The explorations of human respiratory exposure risk assessment show that with the increase of AQI, the daily intake of microplastics in adults also increased. At high levels of pollution, the human body breathes an average of 222 ± 5 microplastics per day.

Effects of evidence-based nursing care interventions on wound pain and wound complications following surgery for finger tendon injury.

We conducted this study aimed to examine the impact of evidence-based nursing interventions on postoperative wound pain and complications after surgery for finger tendon injury. A total of 86 patients treated for finger tendon injuries at our hospital from January 2021 to October 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the experimental group received evidence-based nursing interventions. The study compared the postoperative wound pain intensity, incidence of complications and patient satisfaction with nursing care between the two groups. The analysis revealed that compared with conventional care, evidence-based nursing interventions significantly reduced the level of wound pain (p = 0.034) and the incidence of complications (4.65% vs. 18.60%, p = 0.043). It also increased patient satisfaction with the nursing care (97.67% vs. 83.72%, p = 0.026). The study indicates that the application of evidence-based nursing interventions for patients with finger tendon injuries can reduce postoperative wound pain, decrease the incidence of complications and enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Nomograms to predict long-term survival for patients with gallbladder carcinoma after resection.

BACKGROUND: Surgical resection remains the primary treatment option for gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). However, there is a pressing demand for prognostic tools that can refine patients' treatment choices and tailor personalized therapies accordingly. AIMS: The nomograms were constructed using the data of a training cohort (n = 378) of GBC patients at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH) between 2008 and 2018. The model's performance was validated in GBC patients (n = 108) at Guangzhou Centre from 2007 to 2018. METHODS AND RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate in the training cohort was 24.4%. Multivariate analyses were performed using preoperative and postoperative data to identify independent predictors of OS. These predictors were then incorporated into preoperative and postoperative nomograms, respectively. The C-index of the preoperative nomogram was 0.661 (95% CI, 0.627 to 0.694) for OS prediction and correctly delineated four subgroups (5-year OS rates: 48.1%, 19.0%, 15.6%, and 8.1%, p < 0.001). The C-index of the postoperative nomogram was 0.778 (95%CI, 0.756 -0.800). Furthermore, this nomogram was superior to the 8th TNM system in both C-index and the net benefit on decision curve analysis. The results were externally validated. CONCLUSION: The two nomograms showed an optimally prognostic prediction in GBC patients after curative-intent resection.

Pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women with mechanical heart valves receiving warfarin treatment throughout pregnancy: 14-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes and risk factors associated with fetal complications in Chinese pregnant women with mechanical heart valves (MHVs) taking low-dose warfarin, aiming to fill in the research gap of this area. METHODS: Between June 2010 and Aug 2023, 122 patients with MHVs who had 151 pregnancies and received warfarin throughout pregnancy were included. We compared them with 302 paired pregnancies without warfarin treatment. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore risk predictors of fetal complications. RESULTS: Pregnancy loss rate was 37.1 % in women taking warfarin, compared to only 4.6 % for those without warfarin exposure in pregnancy (RR = 8.00, 95 % CI: 4.61-13.90). In pregnant women with MHVs, there were 34 spontaneous abortions, 22 stillbirths and 1 neonatal malformation. In the first, second and third pregnant trimesters of women with MHVs, fetal complication incidences were 19.2 %, 9.9 % and 8.0 %, respectively. 86.0 % of fetal complications occurred in women taking a warfarin dose ≤5 mg/d, accounting for 94.0 % of the total population. The newborns' birth weight, gestational age and 1-minute Apgar score were significantly lower in pregnancies treated with warfarin compared to those without warfarin exposure. Only 2.0 % of postpartum hemorrhage and no thrombosis or maternal mortality data were collected in pregnant women on warfarin in this study. CONCLUSION: Most Chinese pregnant women take a warfarin daily dose ≤5 mg and they might have only around 60 % chance of giving birth to a live baby without maternal complications.

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on pain in wound patients during dressing change: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Changes to the wound dressing frequently cause pain. Some adverse side effects of pharmacologic pain management may cause problems or even impede wound healing. There is no systematic study of non-pharmacologic therapies for pain during wound dressing changes, despite the gradual promotion of non-pharmacologic pain reduction methods. OBJECTIVES: To give clinical wound pain management a new direction, locating and assessing non-pharmacological interventions regarding pain brought on by wound dressing changes are necessary. METHOD: The researchers conducted a comprehensive literature review on non-pharmacological interventions for pain during wound dressing changes across five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library spanning the period from January 2010 to September 2022. The evaluation of literature and data extraction was carried out independently by two researchers, and in cases of disagreement, a third researcher participated in the deliberation. To assess the risk of bias in the literature, the researchers utilised the Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0. RESULTS: In total, 951 people were involved in 11 investigations covering seven non-pharmacological therapies. For pain triggered by dressing changes, virtual reality (VR) distraction, auditory and visual distractions, foot reflexology, religious and spiritual care, and guided imaging demonstrated partially positive effects, with hypnosis therapy and jaw relaxation perhaps having a weak effect. CONCLUSION: The key to managing wounds is pain management. According to our review, there is some indication that non-pharmacologic interventions can help patients feel less discomfort when having their wound dressings changed. However, the evidence supporting this view is weak. It needs to be corroborated by future research studies with multicentre and large samples. To promote and use various non-pharmacologic interventions in the future, it is also necessary to build standardised and homogenised paths for their implementation.

Addressing the influencing path of social noise exposure risk perception on noise mitigation behavior.

Noise interference has become a common health risk in population-densified urban areas where social noise occurs frequently. However, the influence of an individual's perception of social noise exposure risk on reactive behavior remains unknown. This study developed an integrative psychosocial perspective-based model that includes constructs from two theoretical frameworks (the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value-Belief-Norm theory) to analyze noise risk perception and behavioral intention for social noise mitigation. Haidian District, Beijing, was selected as the case study area and 300 questionnaires were distributed. The results showed that personal attributes had significant effects on residents' noise exposure risk perception and noise-mitigation behavioral intentions. Noise perception, as represented by awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility, was significantly related to noise mitigation behavioral intention. Awareness of consequences directly positively influenced behavioral intention (ß = 0.235, p < 0.001) and indirectly positively influenced behavioral intention through the mediating effect of the ascription of responsibility, which accounted for 24 % of the total effect of awareness of consequences on behavioral intention. This study provides valuable insights into the risks of social noise and encourages adaptive measures to reduce it.